 provision of the most desirable consumer goods and services in limited amounts 

 provision of the most desirable consumer goods and services in unlimited amounts 

 production of economic resources in unlimited ways 

 production of economic resources in sufficient amounts 

 provision of the most desirable consumer goods and services in the most desirable amounts

Ao fazer uma leitura atenta das linhas 5, 6 e 7, é possível identificar que "the efficient allocation of economic resources" trata-se da promoção dos bens (goods) e serviços (services) de consumo mais desejáveis, nas mais desejáveis quantidades. A alternativa que explicita este conceito é, portanto, a Letra (E).

Financial System
      People have virtually unlimited needs, but the
    economic resources to supply those needs are
    limited. Therefore, the greatest benefit of an economy
    is to provide the most desirable consumer goods
5   and services in the most desirable amounts - what
    is known as the efficient allocation of economic
    resources. To produce these consumer goods and
    services requires capital in the form of labor, land,
    capital goods used to produce a desired product
10   or service, and entrepreneurial ability to use these
    resources together to the greatest efficiency in
    producing what consumers want most. Real capital
    consists of the land, labor, tools and machinery, and
    entrepreneurial ability to produce consumer goods
15  and services, and to acquire real capital costs money.
      The financial system of an economy provides the
    means to collect money from the people who have it
    and distribute it to those who can use it best. Hence,
    the efficient allocation of economic resources is
20  achieved by a financial system that allocates money
    to those people and for those purposes that will yield
    the greatest return.
      The financial system is composed of the products
    and services provided by financial institutions, which
25  include banks, insurance companies, pension funds,
    organized exchanges, and the many other companies
    that serve to facilitate economic transactions. Virtually
    all economic transactions are effected by one or more
    of these financial institutions. They create financial
30  instruments, such as stocks and bonds, pay interest
    on deposits, lend money to creditworthy borrowers,
    and create and maintain the payment systems of
    modern economies.
      These financial products and services are based
35  on the following fundamental objectives of any modern
    financial system:
     • to provide a payment system;
     • to give money time value;
     • to offer products and services to reduce financial
40     risk or to compensate risk-taking for desirable
        objectives;
      • to collect and disperse information that allows the
        most efficient allocation of economic resources;
      • to create and maintain financial markets
45      that provide prices, which indicates how
        well investments are performing, which also
        determines the subsequent allocation of
        resources, and to maintain economic stability.


Por ser um pronome relativo, which possui a função de recuperar algo mencionado anteriormente no texto. Neste texto, especificamente, which se refere a "financial institutions", as quais (which) incluem os serviços apontados no trecho destacado. A alternativa correta, nesse sentido, é a Letra (A).

O prefixo "un", presente na "uncertain" (incerto) expressa ideia de negação, ausência de algo. Neste caso específico, tem-se a ausência de "certain" (certeza).Das palavras elencadas, somente "impossible" e "discourage" possuem prefixos com o mesmo sentido de "un". Em "impossible" (impossível), "im" indica a ausência de "possible" (possibilidade); enquanto em "discourage" (desencorajar), "dis" indica ausência de coragem. Alternativa correta: Letra (C)

1 As we practice social distancing and businesses struggle to adapt, it’s no secret the unique challenges of Covid-19 are profoundly shaping our economic climate. U.S. Bank financial industry and regulatory affairs expert Robert Schell explains what you need to know in this uncertain time.
 • Don’t panic while things are “on pause”
2 Imagine clicking the pause button on your favorite TV show. Whether you stopped to make dinner or put kids to bed, hitting pause gives you time to tackle what matters most. Today’s economy is similar. While we prioritize health and safety, typical activities like driving to work, eating at restaurants, traveling and attending sporting events are on hold. This widespread social distancing takes a toll on our economy, putting strain on businesses and individuals alike.
3 Keep your financial habits as normal as possible during this time. Make online purchases, order takeout, pay bills and buy groceries. These everyday purchases put money back into the economy and prevent it from dipping further into a recession.
 • Low interest rates could help make ends meet 
4 In March, the Federal Reserve cut rates drastically to boost economic activity and make borrowing more affordable. For you, this means interest rates are low for credit cards, loans and lines of credit, and even fixed-rate mortgages. Consider taking advantage of these low rates if you need extra help paying your bills, keeping your business running or withstanding a period of unemployment.
 • Spend on small businesses
5 Looking to make a positive impact? Supporting small businesses is an easy and powerful way to help.
You can order takeout, tip generously or donate to your local brick-and-mortar retail store, if they provide that option. Your support makes a big impact for struggling business owners.
 • Prior economic strength may help us bounce back 
6 The thriving economy of 2019 isn’t just a distant, bittersweet memory. When our health is no longer at risk and social distancing mandates begin to diminish, we’ll slowly start to rebuild. The stability, low unemployment rate and upward-trending market we experienced prior to Covid-19 puts us in a good position to kick-start economic activity and rebound more quickly.

No trecho "These everyday purchases put money back into the economy and prevent it from dipping further into a recession", o pronome "it" se refere a algo mencionado anteriormente.Para identificar a qual termo "it" se refere, observemos a tradução do fragmento: "Essas compras diárias colocam dinheiro de volta na economia e evitam que ela mergulhe ainda mais em uma recessão".Com base na tradução, é possível notar que "it" (ela) se refere à "economy" (economia). Alternativa correta: Letra (D)

 habitual action repeatedly carried out by the Federal Reserve to address certain economic situations.

 future action to be carried out by the Federal Reserve to address possible problems.

 promised action to be carried out by the Federal Reserve to address the present economic challenges.

 one-time action carried out by the Federal Reserve to address the present situation.

 current action carried out by the Federal Reserve to address a permanent situation.

Para responder a esta questão, é interessante observar os elementos destacados no trecho: "In March, the Federal Reserve cut rates drastically to boost economic activity".Considerando que a ação da Reserva Federal foi em março, notamos que o verbo "cut" está no passado, já que se trata de algo realizado no passado ("in March").Tendo isso em vista, podemos afirmar que "cut" indica uma ação única (one-time action) realizada pela Reserva Federal para resolver a situação atual, como afirma a Letra (D).Não se trata, portanto, de uma ação habitual (Letra A), de uma ação futura (Letra B) e nem de uma ação atual (Letra E). Também não se trata de uma ação prometida (Letra C). Alternativa correta: Letra (D)

Questões de CESGRANRIO - Inglês - Compreensão de textos - Banco do Brasil